Testosterone Combined with Voluntary Exercise Attenuates Diabetes-induced Pancreatic Apoptosis in Castrated Diabetic Rats Induced by HFD/STZ

Abstract Increased apoptosis in the pancreas and beta cell death causes reduced insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes. This study was aimed to evaluate the effects of exercise training and testosterone administration on apoptosis marker (p53 protein) in the pancreas tissue in animal with diabetes. Type 2 diabetes was induced by high fat diet and injection of low dose STZ (35mg/kg; ip). After 2 months of treatment with testosterone (2mg/kg/day) or voluntary exercise alone or in combination, apoptosis (tunnel assay) and p53 protein (ELISA method) were measured. Testosterone and exercise decreased the blood glucose, HbA1c levels, HOMA-IR, p53 protein expression and increased insulin level in treated diabetic and diabetic castrated groups. Simultaneous treatment of these groups with testosterone together voluntary exercise had an additive effect on reducing p53 expression, blood glucose, HbA1c levels, HOMA-IR and subsequently decreasing apoptosis. Our results suggest that the apoptosis decreasing effect of testosterone and voluntary exercise is associated with the reduced levels of blood glucose, HbA1c and HOMA-IR that subsequently decreased the expression of p53 level.

Research on the effects of exercise combined with traditional Chinese medicine compound of castration on rat femur biomechanics / 中国康复医学杂志

@#Objective: To explore the rats bone biomechanics improvement action after exercise combined with traditional Chinese medicine compound of castration. Method: A total of 100 SPF SD female rats, aged 180 days, were randomly divided into blank group，model group，exercise，traditional Chinese medicine compound，sports combined with traditional Chinese medicine compound group, 20 in each group. Followed conventional breeding 14 days after surgery. 2ml 0.9% sodium chloride was filled to stomach daily for model group and exercise group. 2ml traditional Chinese medicine compound solution was filled to the stomach daily for the traditional Chinese medicine compound and sports combined with traditional Chinese medicine compound group. Besides, the rats were forced to running on flat treadmill 20 minutes daily at speed of 5m/min for exercise group and sports combined with traditional Chinese medicine compound group. After 12 weeks treatment, bilateral femur were collected, attached muscle and connective tissue were took out. Then three-point bending test, microstructure observation, and static parameters of bone trabecula test were completed. Result: BMD, maximal load of femur, and static parameters of bone trabecula test for model group, blank group, exercise group, Chinese medicine compound group, exercise combined with traditional Chinese medicine compound group all have obvious difference from the model group (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion: Exercise combined with traditional Chinese medicine compound is beneficial for treatment of osteoporosis in castrated rats.

ANABOLIC EFFECTS OF TU-CHUNG EXTRACT / 体力科学

We evaluated the effect of Tu-Chung (<I>Eucommia ulmoides</I> OLIV.) extract on anabolic action in castrated exercise and non-exercise rats in which the effects of male sex hormone from the testis were excluded. Castration was performed on 32 male Wistar rats aged 4 weeks. The rats were then divided into 4 groups: a non-exercise group treated with Tu-Chung extract (non Ex. Tu-chung G, n = 8), on exercise group treated with the extract (Ex. Tu-Chung G, n = 8), a non-exercise control group not treated with the extract (non Ex. Cont. G, n8), = and an untreated exercise control group (Ex. Cont. G, n=8) .<BR>The Tu-Chung extract was administered orally at a dose of 1g/kg body weight once daily for 4 weeks. Distilled water was given by a similar method to the control groups. As the exercise load, the rats exercised on an animal treadmill at a starting speed of 20 m/min with an increase of 10 m/min every week for 30 min without rest daily for 4 weeks.<BR>The following results were obtained:<BR>1. The relative weight of the adrenal gland (gland weight/100 g body weight ) after 4 weeks was significantly higher in the non Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the non Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) and in the Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the Ex. Cont. G or the non Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001 each) .<BR>2. The relative weight of the kidneys (kidney weight/100 g body weight) after 4 weeks was significantly higher in the non Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the non Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) and was slightly higher in the Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the Ex. Cont. G.<BR>3. The relative weight of the musculus levator ani (muscle weight/100g body weight) after 4 weeks was significantly higher in the non Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the non Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) and also in the Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) .<BR>4. The 17-KS level in a 24h urine sample after 4 weeks was significantly higher in the non Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the non Ex. Cont. G or the Ex. Tu-Chung G (p<0.001 each) and also in the Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) .<BR>5. The total urinary nitrogen level after 4 weeks was significantly lower in the non Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the non Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) or the exercise group treated with the extract (p<0.05) and also in the Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the Ex. Cont. G (p<0.05) .<BR>These results suggest that administration of Tu-Chung extract significantly increases the relative weight of the adrenal gland, enhances androgen secretion from the reticular layer of the adrenal cortex, and promotes protein anabolic action in castrated rats. In addition, this extract appears to increase the adaptation ability of the adrenal cortex to the stress caused by exercise.

Anabolic effects of Tu-Chung extract. Studies using castrated rat / 体力科学

We evaluated the effect of Tu-Chung (<I>Eucommia ulmoides</I> OLIV.) extract on anabolic action in castrated exercise and non-exercise rats in which the effects of male sex hormone from the testis were excluded. Castration was performed on 32 male Wistar rats aged 4 weeks. The rats were then divided into 4 groups: a non-exercise group treated with Tu-Chung extract (non Ex. Tu-chung G, n = 8), on exercise group treated with the extract (Ex. Tu-Chung G, n = 8), a non-exercise control group not treated with the extract (non Ex. Cont. G, n8), = and an untreated exercise control group (Ex. Cont. G, n=8) .<BR>The Tu-Chung extract was administered orally at a dose of 1g/kg body weight once daily for 4 weeks. Distilled water was given by a similar method to the control groups. As the exercise load, the rats exercised on an animal treadmill at a starting speed of 20 m/min with an increase of 10 m/min every week for 30 min without rest daily for 4 weeks.<BR>The following results were obtained:<BR>1. The relative weight of the adrenal gland (gland weight/100 g body weight ) after 4 weeks was significantly higher in the non Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the non Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) and in the Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the Ex. Cont. G or the non Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001 each) .<BR>2. The relative weight of the kidneys (kidney weight/100 g body weight) after 4 weeks was significantly higher in the non Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the non Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) and was slightly higher in the Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the Ex. Cont. G.<BR>3. The relative weight of the musculus levator ani (muscle weight/100g body weight) after 4 weeks was significantly higher in the non Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the non Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) and also in the Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) .<BR>4. The 17-KS level in a 24h urine sample after 4 weeks was significantly higher in the non Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the non Ex. Cont. G or the Ex. Tu-Chung G (p<0.001 each) and also in the Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) .<BR>5. The total urinary nitrogen level after 4 weeks was significantly lower in the non Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the non Ex. Cont. G (p<0.001) or the exercise group treated with the extract (p<0.05) and also in the Ex. Tu-Chung G than in the Ex. Cont. G (p<0.05) .<BR>These results suggest that administration of Tu-Chung extract significantly increases the relative weight of the adrenal gland, enhances androgen secretion from the reticular layer of the adrenal cortex, and promotes protein anabolic action in castrated rats. In addition, this extract appears to increase the adaptation ability of the adrenal cortex to the stress caused by exercise.